South Dakota is facing a bout of extreme cold weather, compelling residents to brace themselves and their flora for the plunging temperatures. Recently, a viral social media post claimed a risk of “exploding trees” in the Northern Plains, including South Dakota, due to the extreme cold. However, local experts clarify that while the imagery is vivid, it is largely overstated.
John Ball
John Ball, a professor of agronomy, horticulture, and plant science at South Dakota State University in Brookings, emphasizes that while trees do not explode, they can indeed crack loudly in a phenomenon known as “frost cracking.” This is caused by the sap within the tree, which is primarily composed of water. As temperatures drop dramatically, the sap can freeze and expand, creating internal pressure that causes the bark to split.
“If you’re ever out in the woods and hear what sounds like the crack of a rifle late in the day, that’s actually the tree cracking — not exploding,” Ball explained. This explanation helps to alleviate the fears of a local population bracing for extreme weather conditions.
South Dakota State University
South Dakota, known for its expansive prairies and sprawling farmlands, experiences vast temperature swings, rendering some local tree species susceptible to such natural phenomena. According to Ball, young trees, thin-barked varieties such as maple, birch, and linden, and non-native species not accustomed to the climate are particularly vulnerable.
For residents of South Dakota, protective measures are crucial. Ball recommends the use of trunk wraps or tree guards, which serve to insulate the bark against rapid temperature changes. This can mitigate the risk of frost cracking by preventing the bark from warming too quickly during the day and cooling rapidly at night. Additionally, mulching around the base of the tree helps stabilize soil temperature and protect roots from bitter cold. Careful planning of the planting location is similarly essential; trees should ideally be planted in locations sheltered from direct winter sun and harsh winds.
Frost cracking
Frost cracking is not fatal for trees but can introduce vulnerabilities, exposing them to decay and insect infestations. Yet despite potential risks, such temperatures are not expected to cause widespread destruction. “Tell people they can safely walk in their yards and not worry about their trees exploding on them,” Ball asserts, providing assurance for South Dakotans concerned by exaggerated viral fears.
Ball’s emphasis on preventive care is echoed by local arborists and horticultural experts, who are keenly aware of the economic and ecological significance of maintaining healthy trees. In a state where agriculture plays a pivotal role, protecting trees is crucial not only for the environment but also for livelihoods. Moreover, trees in urban landscapes contribute to the aesthetic and environmental well-being of communities across South Dakota.
Beyond the details of frost cracking, regional weather experts in South Dakota have issued extreme cold warnings, urging residents to prepare for frigid temperatures expected to plummet below zero in the coming days. This is important for farmers and city dwellers alike to consider the resilience of both native and non-native tree species against the biting cold.
Those interested in learning more about tree care and frost cracking prevention methods can contact John Ball via email or by visiting the South Dakota State University Extension website.
While sub-zero temperatures are daunting for residents of the Northern Plains, understanding the science behind tree biology and taking proactive measures can safeguard South Dakota’s valuable arboreal assets.